فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگ - ارتباطات
پیاپی 53 (بهار 1400)

This research studies the effects of digital media on the political satisfaction citizens of Tehran. This correct and appropriate  using of new technologies, have changed the level of consciousness, expectations and satisfaction of individuals about life and at a result  government performance and political system as well. The research method is survey and the statistical society includes all Tehran citizens over 18 years old with 6559171 people. The sample size is 385 people using the Cochran method. The questionnaires were collected using randomized cluster sampling and data were gathered. The findings were analyzed using SPSS software. Findings show that there is no significant statistical relationship between media literacy and political satisfaction of Tehrani citizens, Since the rise in media literacy has not increased the level of political satisfaction of the people, it seems that other factors such as economic, cultural, social and ... factors have a more effective role in digital media.

Content strategies have a crucial role in fulfilling the mission of IRIB. The main prerequisite for the successful implementation and operation of these strategies is haveing appropriate evaluation indicators. The main goal of this study is, "Identifying the measures of evaluating the strategies of the IRIB in the field of content production and distribution. Balanced Scorecard has been used to achieve the goals of the research. In this research, experts' opinions were used in two focus group sessions. By focusing on balanced scorecard dimensions and long-range strategies and programs of IRIB in the content area, indicators were identified. "Percentage of programs produced with research attachment, "The number of news sections in specialized channels", "Amount of freelance production in broadband and in different genres", "Monetizing through different income mechanisms in the broadband space", "The number of people interacting with IRIB, "The status of the channels and radio and television programs in the social networks" are the most important indicators identified for the strategic assessment of the IRIB content in accordance with the balanced scorecard model. For continuous evaluation of content strategies, it is necessary for IRIB to translate the indicators into quantities value. Then, based on them, determine and quantify the progress of content strategy. Considering the environmental requirements and audience’s desires, needs and interests, as well as analyzing their performance and competitors in the media competition environment and the serious effort to apply these indicators will provide the basis for accurate content management and planning.

The main topic of this article is to examine the relationship between physician and patient in the context of cultural communication. According to the different communication models that govern the relationship between physician and patient, it is predicted that the dominant communication model in the treatment system will be patriarchal or parental model. The method of this research is qualitative and the data are analyzed using Maxqda software. To achieve the purpose of the study, 15 patients with different ethnicities and dialects, as well as 10 physicians, interns and residents who had experience working in public hospitals in Tehran in 1398 were interviewed. Then the interview results were coded and analyzed in three stages. In both groups, 3 categories of comprehensive code including communication-information disorders, physician authority, and inter-cultural communication disorders were obtained,. According to the analysis of the research findings, it was concluded that communication disorder in the relationship between physician and patient in general and the issue of cultural difference is only one of the aggravating factors of communication disorder between physician and patient and is on the margins of this relationship. It was also concluded that the treatment system currently has many weaknesses in the field of communication skills and is dominated by the patriarchal communication model. The lack of academic communication skills in the medical community as well as the patient community is the most important factor in this weakness.

The present research is aimed at designing a citizen journalism pattern for developing civil participation in Iran on the basis of grounded theory paradigm. The data used in this research has been gathered and selected by interviewing 25 experts in the field of social communications science through a semi-standard interview using the theoretical sampling method. Furthermore, in order to analyze extracted the data, theoretical coding process has been used for  enumerating concepts (basic categories), Subcategories and main categories in accordance with Strauss and Corbin's model (1998). The research findings showed that designing a citizen journalism pattern for developing civil participation in Iran has been theoretically saturated from 14 main categories, 41 subcategories and 509 concepts based on the factors of Strauss and Corbin’s approach to grounded theory’s paradigm (1998). The analytical pattern of citizen journalism has been constructed for the purpose of developing civil participation in Iran. Furthermore, in order to verify the research categories as well as the constructed pattern, two methods have been used: (A) assessment based on the communicative method, and (B) formation  of a focal group. Moreover, in terms of reliability assessment, repeatability was tested using correlation coefficient between two coders and generalizability was tested using theoretical regular comprehensive sampling.

The ICT are accused of weakening family relationships. The purpose of this article is studing the role of ICT in practicing one of Islamic religion recommendations. Saleh-y-e rahem, between the youngsters and their family members; Saleh means bond and affinity, and Rahem means womb. on the other hand, in this study we are trying to show the role of using ICT such as computer, mobile phone, Internet etc., in digital Sale-ye Rahem (family relationships using ICT) and Physical Sale-ye Rahem (face-to-face relationships).   The study of social survey and research data has been gathered using the Questionnaire. Statistical community included youngsters between 15-29 years old in Yasuj city using Cochran sampling formula with 398 people who were examined and selected by random sampling. According to the results of Cronbach's alpha, reliability and validity of research is approved. Data were analyzed using SPSS21 software . The results of this research indicated that the use of ICT increases, Sale-ye Rahem is stengtend through digital communication tools.. Then, there is not a meaningful relationship between using of ICT and reducing physical Sale-ye Rahem. In other hand, this article shows that not only the ICT helps to establishment of a new form of Sale-ye Rahem, but it claims that the ICTs do not play a significant role in the reduction of physical Sale-ye Rahem.

Human Cultural Rights, as it is observed in its formal and contemporary form, was raised Simultaneously with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights while it was in the form of small part of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights.  In comparison to other types of Human Rights, this category of rights has been always neglected. Considering the fundamental importance of Human Cultural Rights and the significant effect that the enforcement of these rights as well as adherence to them has on human life, this necessity is felt that Perhaps by knowing the barriers on the path of human culturalllife, an action could be taken to remove the barriers, the result of which leads to support and promotion of these type of rights. This research tries to answer the question that “what barriers are existed to the growth, development and implementation of human cultural rights?” by aUsing qualitative content analysis methodto evaluate the qualitative content apresent study evaluates this hypothesis that “the dominion of ideology of realism, paiaisiglack of enough attention to the anthropological foundations of Cultural Rights etc. are among the barriers to growth, while failure to provide a common definition of culture and cultural rights, fpclare aicemong the barriers to development and also states concern on implementation and lack of international training are among the barriers to implementation of Human Cultural Rights”.

Lifestyle is a set of behavioral principles in different areas of life. In recent decades, in order to "apply" its concept in literary circles, the audience has encountered the positive and negative functions of lifestyle in fiction literature, and by studying mental and objective cases, his mind has been drawn to superior styles. The important point is to reread the warriors' lifestyles in the fictional literature of the Holy Defense. this rereading can reflect the cultural, military, social, and political identities of Iranian border guards to realize the idealism of "defending" the land and society's beliefs in individuals in order to preserve its precious achievements, especially in times of crisis. In fact, recognizing the source of the behavioral motivations of the defenders of the homeland reveals the capacities of Iranian thought and culture and the power of the "defense" strategy. The aim of the present study is to analyze the characteristics of lifestyle in the novels " Heedless Palm Trees " and "Roots in the Depths" with the discourse method of "Ernstolaclau" (Laclau, E). In this method, the connection of lifestyle components express how the jihadist identity of the fighters is created. Research findings show that the behavioral causes of the characters are based on adherence to the principles of religious beliefs and national zeal, which has also led to the achievement of independence and security of the country.

Iranian cultural policies are subject to various inconsistencies and contradictions. This situation reduces the acceptability of policymaker and policy itself and consequently leads to inefficiency in social relations. This paper aims to provide a suggested model to study and analysis of certain inconsistency among cultural policies. The analytical framework of the paper is based on cognitive approaches deal with three ideas including "policy making paradigm", "reference" and the "advocacy coalition framework". The authors believe that Iranian social stratification system represents cultural varieties and cognitive resources of different stratus. Differences in the cognitive resources of policymakers and beneficiaries, originating from various socio-economic status result in inconsistent cultural policies. As such, policy makers in the policy-making process are disinterested in the value element of "informal references" of beneficiaries and they instead consider the value elements of their own "selective references”. In such cases, the beneficiaries of a certain policy will not accept the content; consequently, will find themselves opposed to it and won't act on it. The paper concludes by suggesting a special case of cultural inconsistency and its analysis according to the research model.

In this research, we analyze the cultural policies of the family. The results show that the Iranian family, like many other societies, is subject to significant changes. In recent years, the tendency to form a family has been reduced to a certain extent, and marriage is delayed until social, economic and social status is achieved. Evidence suggests divorce has changed from a denied phenomenon to a solution to the tension and conflict between couples. Extramarital marriages, especially in major cities, have increased marriage and increased divorce rates. The generation gap has spread and the conflicts of women's role are expanding. According to the statistics, the documents and the reality of society, the family has not shaped as cultural policy-makers desired and planned for it. This gap between politics and the situation in society has been analyzed in such a way that changing social conditions, globalization and cultural transformations, the spread of media and communications, and ... have influenced the family and due to the changing social context, this different factors have affected family structure.

The purpose of this article is to study the process of changing values ​​and attitudes in the field of gender equality and family based on the data collected by the Iranian survey values. The method of study is secondary analysis. The basis for further analysis is based on the findings of the second and third wave. The second wave data in the year 82 indicates the modern and individualist tendency of women to re-interpret the family and the concept of gender. These findings indicate that in the Iranian society, a serious transformation is taking place in the context of changing gender values ​​and attitudes. The findings of the third wave, however, continue to indicate more women's tendency towards men in terms of modern values ​​in society. However, it shows a kind of backwardness in the tendencies of the whole society as well as in women in moving toward some gender-based attitudes towards the age of 82. This suggests that by overcoming the values ​​of survival in society, tendency toward traditional values ​​has increased in a longitudinal trend.

The role of literary and artistic works in the cultural development of a society is so strong that many sociologists have considered the basis of education in art and have emphasized its fundamental role in the growth and promotion of society. The undeniable impact of literary and artistic works is that if these works are in line with human and religious ethics and teachings, they will result in scientific and cultural excellence, and moving along the path, will have no effect other than degeneration and decline. In view of the need to balance the interests of society in the pursuit of new and exalting literary and artistic works on the one hand and to support the creators of artworks in the creation of exquisite works on the other, this article seeks to determine whether there is a legal limitation or absolute protection of these works in Iranian law by expressing the role of literary and artistic works in society. And if the restriction is imposed, what is the criterion to apply the restriction? The results show that the absolute literary and artistic works in the teleological, ethical and human dignity legal systems, unlike capitalist legal systems based on materialism and pleasure, are not legally supportable and for determining Supported Items, must use legitimacy and legitimate rational interest criterion

In the first decade  of  victory of the Islamic Revolution, a huge wave was created in opposition to the humanities, leading to three years of closure of the humanities., They argued that these sciences have a material basis. But nowadays, after 35 years of its reopening, this science have become more materialistic than ever in the historical period in Iran.,  The humanities themselves have become commodities or marketed. Now the question that this research seeks to answer is “What is the Marketization of the humanities? And what policies have been implemented in this case?”. This research is a systematic and coherent, discusses the marketing situation of the humanities and its related policies. The findings of the research show that marketing in a variety of ways, such as increasing the acceptance of monetary students especially graduate students, increasing the number of adjunct professors, the terms and conditions for income and research, which is discussed separately in this study. The findings also show that the marketing policies of the human sciences do not depend on the policies of different states in the aftermath of the revolution (left and right).